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影响因子：10.1

DOI码：10.1016/j.energy.2026.142024

发表刊物：Energy

关键字：Data center; Renewable energy utilization; Demand response; Electrical energy storage; Progressive loading

摘要：In the era of rapidly growing AI demand, the deployment of onsite photovoltaic (PV) and electrical energy storage (EES) represents a significant opportunity for data center decarbonization. This study investigated the dual benefits of renewable energy utilization and lifecycle profitability in grid-interactive data centers with onsite PV and EES deployment. Specifically, the optimal configurations of onsite PV and EES capacity are determined under lifecycle progressive loading and two representative electricity markets, using an hourly-resolution EES dispatch optimization algorithm for maximizing renewable utilization and profitability. We found that grid-interactive data centers can achieve significantly high renewable energy utilization, while still delivering strong economic returns over their lifetime, despite the high upfront capital investment required for onsite PV and EES deployment. Specifically, a 100 kW data center with 120 kW PV and 100 kWh EES could achieve a renewable utilization of 50-51% in both markets, yielding lifecycle net profits of $0.26 million in Shenzhen market and $0.04 million in CAISO market. Achieving over 90% renewable utilization while maximizing lifecycle net profit requires substantial capacity expansion: a 2.2-fold increase in EES and an 8-fold increase in PV in Shenzhen, and a 1.4-fold increase in EES and a 10-fold increase in PV in CAISO. Under these conditions, lifecycle profit remains $0.04 million for Shenzhen, but becomes negative for CAISO.

合写作者：Hong Tang, Zilong Zhao

第一作者：Yingbo Zhang

论文类型：期刊论文

通讯作者：Xin Hu, ZIXUAN KANG

卷号：361

期号：142024

是否译文：否

发表时间：2026-07-23

收录刊物：SCI