What is hemangioma?
First, what is hemangioma?
The occurrence of a tumor in the blood vessel is called the hemangioma, 80% of which are congenital. Hemangiomas are benign, slow growing, rarely malignant.
Capillary hemangioma: superficial capillary dilation, twists and turns and twists and turns. Hemangioma is more common in the baby at birth (about 1/3) or shortly after birth (within 1 months). It originates from the remnants of embryonic vascular cells. The histopathological features of the tumor are the endothelial cells, which are rich in proliferation, and have the phenomenon of vascular endothelial cells and the aggregation of mast cells. Occurs in oral and maxillofacial hemangioma accounts for about 60% of the total body hemangioma, most of which occurs in the face and neck skin, subcutaneous tissue, very few in the oral mucosa. Hemangioma of the deep and jaw bone is considered vascular malformation.
Birth can be found in the skin with red spots or small red spots, gradually grow up, red deepen and uplift. Capillary hemangioma increases faster than that of babies. Tumor well circumscribed, pressure can be slightly relaxed after the restoration of red fading. Available frozen therapy or surgical resection, can also be used for X-ray radiation therapy.
Cavernous hemangioma: generally composed of small veins and adipose tissue. Its shape and texture are like a sponge, it is known as the cavernous hemangioma. Most of the growth in the subcutaneous tissue, but also in the muscles, a few can be in the bone or internal organs and other parts. Subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma can make the local mild uplift, the skin is normal, or a green purple, the texture of the soft and soft. Early vascular resection should be performed. Cavernous hemangioma of the small or local injection sclerotherapy (such as 5% Cod Liver Oil acid sodium).
Strawberry hemangioma at birth tend not to see the lesions, lesions in the postnatal month found, at the beginning of the little red spots, after the rapid growth, some children aged 1 ~ 2 years old or so stop growing, but the probability is low. Women are 3 times as much as men. Because of its shape as named strawberry, strawberry hemangioma.
Hemangioma is a common benign tumor in childhood, about 3/4 in children with hemangioma at birth already exists, the rest is also in the 1 year old, baby girl more than the baby.
Two. Diagnosis of hemangioma:
The diagnosis of vascular or vascular malformations is not difficult, and the location of the hemangioma or vascular malformation should be determined by the movement of the body position and puncture.
1 tumor appearance (Wine porphyritic or Yang Meizhuang).
2 to fade or shrink.
3. Position element test positive, palpation and vein stone, puncture takes out coagulation of blood (sponge) of the children of Ammon, a throbbing sensation, auscultation blowing murmur, press close feeding artery and murmur disappeared (plexiform type).
4 angiography of the tumor area contrast agent concentration or vascular malformation.
5 histopathological examination confirmed.
Three, the risk of hemangioma
The risk of [1], depending on the location, size, and composition of the tumor. If hemangioma grows on the face, is bound to affect the beauty, serious person can make facial deformity; on the neck and the throat easily due to eating caused ulceration and may endanger the lives of patients; in functional sites, such as eye, tongue, fingers, toes, limbs and joints, affect the function of these parts. If large hemangioma, regardless of growth in what parts will seriously threatens people's health, in addition to hemangioma can also infection, ulcers, bleeding or malignant transformation, which will seriously endanger the patient's life, and therefore had hemangioma must be treated.
Four, the treatment of hemangioma
1 surgical treatment: surgery methods lesion resection, in order to achieve the purpose of treatment. For the independent and small lesions of good results, is still the first choice for the treatment of hemangioma. But sometimes patients with hemangioma accounted for a large area, can not be completely removed completely clean, easy to relapse after surgery. In addition, surgery is affected by the patient's general situation, such as infants and young children are not suitable for surgical treatment.
2. Cryotherapy: this method for treatment of hemangioma of the source in the 1960s (small superficial lesions can be used as appropriate), caused by the operator use liquid nitrogen volatilization of strong low temperature (- 96 DEG C), usually state below - 20 DEG C, lesion area of skin, hemangioma and vascular tumor group around fabric condensation, enable the cell formation of ice crystals within, and lead to cell rupture and disintegration, death, after reparative process the disappearance of tumor blood vessels. However, this method will leave a scar, in the eyes, mouth, nose, ear treatment after often leave serious defect deformity and dysfunction. Because the freezing operation is difficult to control the strength and depth, and at the same time, the ability of the tissue to resist low temperature is different, and the treatment is not complete. Recurrence was higher, but the effect was directly affected. Also left the local scar defect is not subject to the results of the patient's expectations, but if there is no such situation, often ineffective treatment.
3. The radiation and isotope therapy: the treatment principle is the use of radioactive elements produced the R rays of organization of the nucleus lesion area bombardment to enable the strands of DNA and RNA strand breaks and termination of nuclear protein synthesis caused cell death and disintegration, and through the process of tissue repair reach therapeutic purposes. Commonly used in clinic are: shallow X light irradiation, cobalt 60 local irradiation, strontium 40 film, phosphorus 32 colloid local injection, etc.. After treatment, the treatment site left after radiation induced atrophic scar, epidermal desquamation. For this kind of atrophy and atrophic scar caused by radiation exposure, experts recommend the implementation of surgical resection, or will not be able to rule out the possible cancer. At present, radiation therapy has been eliminated, and isotope application is still used in the treatment of superficial hemangioma in infants and young children.
4 sclerotherapy: this method originated in the 50's, Kuzhi injection therapy derived from. The principle is: the sclerosis injection into hemangioma body tissue (can not be injected into the blood vessels), causing aseptic inflammation, swelling disappeared after local fibrosis reaction, so that hemangioma, vascular cavity narrowing or occlusion. Commonly used drugs are: 1. Sodium morrhuate; Ling II Kuzhi injection; (3) Alum Injection; (4) dried alum Huang Lian injection; sodium bicarbonate injection; sixthly, Pingyangmycin, stroke to neomycin class; the boiling water injection therapy; the urea injection. This method is rarely used at present.
5 laser treatment: the use of professional laser treatment equipment for the treatment of hemangioma tissue coagulation, and achieve the purpose of treatment of hemangioma. But the laser treatment depth is generally controlled within 0.2 ~ 0.4mm of the skin surface, more than 0.4mm that has a clear scar, it has a certain effect on superficial capillary hemangioma, the deep hemangioma is generally not recommended.
6. Photosensitive laser therapy (also known as laser photodynamic therapy) is first photosensitizer injection in patients with vascular, and then use the black light lamp or long wavelength laser intravascular irradiation tumor region. Photosensitizer is activated to produce photochemical reaction and cause hemangioma vascular intima and matter light, the vascular lumen occlusion, in order to achieve the purpose of treatment. But this therapy in the treatment process must be strict, or there will be severe photosensitive inflammation, the fiber tissue after the disease photosensitive retinal inflammation.
7 interventional therapy: refers to the "X" guided by the arteriovenous catheter into the vascular tumor site, and then injected into the tumor body, so that it can produce aseptic inflammation, in order to achieve the role of tumor vascular occlusion. Commonly used in visceral hemangioma, such as hepatic hemangioma. For the trunk and limb deep hemangioma, often because of the injected dose, dosage forms, and the limitations of the hemangioma characteristics are difficult to achieve the desired results. When used, it should strictly control the indications and avoid the embolism agent flowing into other organs.
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