Long engaged in research on chemical separation technologies such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, adsorption and leaching, and has extended these novel techniques to the clean processing of precious metals, rare earths, manganese, lithium, rubidium and cesium. The work has led to the commercial production of rare-earth compounds, high-purity manganese sulfate, high-purity manganese carbonate, high-purity trimanganese tetroxide and high-purity magnesium oxide.