The Phase Transformation Behavior of Goethite Residues Under a Background of Co-processing Zinc Hydrometallurgical Waste in the Kivcet Process
- 点击次数：
- 影响因子：3.2
- DOI码：10.1007/s40831-024-00957-5
- 发表刊物：JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
- 关键字：Solid waste;
Oxidation smelting;
Goethite residues;
Sticky slag;
SpinelDecomposition
- 摘要：Nowadays, co-processing iron precipitates and other zinc hydrometallurgical residues with lead concentrate is widely implemented due to the emphasis on sustainable development. However, when a significant amount of goethite residues was treated in a Kivcet furnace, a new "sticky slag layer" composed of spinel, oxides, and metallic lead formed between the lead bullion and molten slag, which caused operational challenges including slag tapping difficulties, high energy consumption, and low Pb recovery rate. In this study, single-particle experiments were conducted to investigate the phase transformations and reaction mechanisms of goethite residue particles in the flash smelting process. The phase transformations of Fe-, Zn-, Al-, Si-, Ca-, and S-bearing species were resolved, and the effects of particle size and processing temperature were evaluated. The reaction mechanisms of initial fine particles and coated particles were specifically identified. The findings demonstrated that Zn and Al content in goethite residues increased with particle size, whereas Fe content decreased. Initial fine particles aggregated together with liquid phases at high temperatures, while initial large particles fragmented due to the release of SO2 from within them. Sulphates decomposed into oxides, which quickly formed spinel phases including ZnOFe2O3, ZnOAl2O3, and FeOFe2O3, and the amount of spinel increased with temperature. Additionally, the spinel always formed on the surface of large ZnO particles, producing spinel coating particles. The generation of the stable spinel phases was found to be a major contributor to the sticky slag layer. Controlling Fe, Al, and Zn content in the feed is essential to prevent this issue.
- 论文类型：期刊论文
- 学科门类：工学
- 一级学科：冶金工程
- 文献类型：J
- 卷号：10
- 期号：4
- 页面范围：2744-2757
- 是否译文：否
- 发表时间：2024-12-01
- 收录刊物：SCI、EI、SSCI
