Diaminodiphenylmethane modified zirconium phosphate: A new strategy for trace addition to improve flame retardancy, smoke inhibition, and compatibility of epoxy resins

Release time:2025-05-10

DOI number:10.1002/app.55720

Journal:J Appl Polym Sci.

Key Words:flame retardance, grafting, resins, thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Abstract:High-efficient flame retardants (ZrP-DDM) were synthesized successfully via ion-exchange method, using diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) modified layered zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). Trace addition of ZrP-DDM in epoxy resins (EP) can enhance the flame-retardant, smoke-inhibition, mechanical, and thermal stability properties of EP composites. As shown in the results, ZrP-DDM exhibits a better synergistic effect than α-ZrP, and the EP composites containing 0.5 wt% ZrP-DDM (EP/0.5ZrP-DDM) show excellent flameretardant and smoke-inhibition properties. Especially, EP/0.5ZrP-DDM possesses a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 33.7% with UL94 V-1 rating, while the EP composites containing 0.5 wt% ZrP (EP/0.5ZrP) has a LOI of 30.1% and fails to achieve the UL94 rating. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), and smoke density rating of EP/0.5ZrP-DDM decrease by 10.2%, 3.7%, and 8.2% compared with EP/0.5ZrP. Based on condensed-phase product analysis, EP/ZrP-DDM sample provides a gas source for intumescent char layer, and produces a stable phosphorus-rich crosslinking structures during combustion, thus decreasing the fire hazard of the composite material. Meanwhile, the introduction of ZrP-DDM has a less impact on tensile strength of EP composites compared with α-ZrP, suggesting the addition of ZrP-DDM effectively enhances the compatibility with the EP matrix, thereby maintaining excellent mechanical properties of the EP matrix.

Co-author:李帷轩, 龙邈天, 刘辉

First Author:王飞跃

Indexed by:Article

Correspondence Author:颜龙

Volume:141

Issue:31

Page Number:e55720

Translation or Not:no

Date of Publication:2024-05-04

Included Journals:SCI